Explicit memory is defined as memory that requires what?

Explicit memory is defined as memory that requires conscious awareness and articulation. This type of memory involves intentional recollection of facts and events, meaning that a person is actively aware of and can articulate the information they are trying to recall. For instance, recalling the names of the presidents of the United States or remembering details from a recent vacation is an exercise of explicit memory.

This conscious aspect of explicit memory contrasts with implicit memory, where recall occurs without conscious effort or awareness, often relying on automatic retrieval processes. Explicit memory can be divided into two categories: episodic memory, which is related to personal experiences and specific events, and semantic memory, which encompasses general facts and knowledge. The critical factor here is the conscious effort involved in retrieving and articulating the information, reinforcing the distinction from other types of memory that do not rely on such processes.