What did Rayner and Duffy's research reveal about fixation times during reading?

Rayner and Duffy's research highlighted that fixation times are indeed longer for low-frequency words compared to high-frequency words. This finding is significant because it reflects the cognitive processes involved in reading. Readers generally have more familiarity with high-frequency words, allowing for quicker recognition and processing. In contrast, low-frequency words tend to require more time for decoding, understanding context, or accessing meaning. This increased time demonstrates the additional cognitive load required when encountering less familiar vocabulary, thereby emphasizing the interaction between word frequency and fixation durations during the reading process.