What does the illusion of learning refer to in study methods?

The illusion of learning refers to the phenomenon where individuals feel they have effectively learned material, but in reality, there has been little to no improvement in their actual memory retention or understanding. This can happen through methods that give immediate feedback or a sense of accomplishment, such as re-reading or highlighting text, which may create a false sense of security regarding one's grasp of the material. People may believe they are absorbing information well when, upon later recall or application, they find they haven't fully internalized the content.

Understanding this concept is crucial for students and learners because it highlights the importance of using more robust study techniques that promote true comprehension, such as active recall, spaced repetition, or self-testing. Recognizing the illusion of learning encourages individuals to adopt strategies that genuinely enhance memory and understanding, rather than relying on ineffective methods that merely create the appearance of mastery.