What is the primary purpose of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)?

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is primarily used to temporarily deactivate specific brain regions. This non-invasive technique involves the use of magnetic fields to induce electric currents in the brain, which can modulate neuronal activity. By targeting specific areas, TMS can help researchers and clinicians study the functions associated with those regions, and is often employed in therapeutic contexts, such as treating depression or anxiety, by modulating the underlying neural circuits.

This temporary deactivation allows researchers to observe changes in behavior or cognitive performance, drawing connections between brain activity and specific functions. The temporary nature of the effects distinguishes TMS from methods that seek to induce permanent changes or enhancements, such as structural interventions or the use of medication that alters neurotransmitter dynamics over a longer term.