What type of drugs are barbiturates classified as?

Barbiturates are classified as central nervous system depressants. This classification is based on their primary function of slowing down brain activity, which can lead to effects such as sedation, relaxation, and decreased anxiety. Barbiturates are often used in medical settings for their sedative and anesthetic properties. They work by enhancing the activity of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), a neurotransmitter that promotes relaxation and reduces neural excitability.

In contrast, stimulants increase brain activity and energy levels, hallucinogens alter perception and can induce visual or auditory hallucinations, and narcotics primarily describe opioid-based substances that are used to relieve pain and often have sedative effects as well. The distinguishing characteristic of barbiturates lies in their depressant properties, which are crucial for their therapeutic applications but also present risks for misuse and dependency.