Which evidence disproves Aristotle's assertion that "thought is impossible without an image"?

The assertion that "thought is impossible without an image" implies that visual imagery is a necessary component of all cognitive processes. The evidence that demonstrates otherwise can be found in instances where individuals who have aphantasia, a condition characterized by an inability to create mental images, are still capable of engaging in thought processes. These individuals can reason, solve complex problems, and engage in abstract thinking despite their lack of visual imagery.

This challenges Aristotle's view by showing that thinking does not exclusively rely on mental images; rather, it can occur through other cognitive functions, such as verbal reasoning or logical deduction. The ability to think and reason without the need for visual representation indicates that thought encompasses a wider range of cognitive activities than just those visually mediated.

In this context, while the other answer choices may capture aspects of cognitive processes, they do not directly address the capability of individuals without mental imagery achieving thought. For example, remembering abstract concepts or exhibiting thought patterns without visual stimuli involve broader cognitive functions, but they do not specifically highlight the fundamental ability to think without imagery, which is central to this inquiry.