Which experimental setup is referred to as the Ultimatum Game?

The Ultimatum Game is specifically designed to analyze fairness in economic offers, making the second choice the correct answer. This experimental setup involves two participants: one, the proposer, suggests how to divide a sum of money, and the other, the responder, can either accept or reject the offer. If the responder accepts, both players receive their proposed shares; if the responder rejects, neither player receives anything.

The focus of this game is to study how individuals perceive fairness, as responders may reject offers they deem unfair, even at a personal cost. This behavior showcases the tension between rational economic decision-making and social preferences, such as equity and reciprocity, informing our understanding of human behavior in economic contexts.

In contrast, the other options do not align with the purpose of the Ultimatum Game. The first option touches on cognitive biases related to financial decisions, which is broader and not directly about the fairness aspect. The third option focuses on risk-taking behavior, which is not the primary interest of the Ultimatum Game. Lastly, the fourth option about memory recall under pressure is irrelevant to the economic and fairness dynamics central to the Ultimatum Game.