Which scenario describes a flashbulb memory?

A flashbulb memory refers to a vivid, detailed recollection of a significant event, especially one that evokes strong emotional responses. In this context, recalling goosebumps felt upon hearing about war events illustrates a flashbulb memory because it captures a powerful emotional reaction tied to a specific moment in time. The intensity of the event—such as hearing about war—can create a lasting imprint in one's memory, making it easier to recall even years later.

The other scenarios do not encompass the key characteristics of flashbulb memories. Forgetting details of a past event, recalling a study session, and describing the joy of a birthday party do not involve the same level of emotional impact or significance typically associated with flashbulb memories. These memories are generally associated with profound experiences that become etched into memory due to their importance and the emotional arousal they provoke.