Which term describes the genetic composition influencing traits?

The term that describes the genetic composition influencing traits is genotype. The genotype refers to the specific set of genes that an individual possesses, which includes all the genetic information inherited from both parents. This genetic makeup directly influences the development of traits by determining how these genes will be expressed, ultimately affecting characteristics such as physical appearance, behavior, and susceptibility to certain diseases.

Understanding genotype is crucial in cognitive psychology as it also underlies the biological basis of behavior and cognition. While phenotype refers to the observable traits resulting from the interaction of the genotype with the environment, it does not capture the underlying genetic information itself. Chromosomes are structures that contain genes, and DNA structure refers to the molecular configuration of DNA, but neither specifically defines the complete genetic composition that influences traits. Consequently, genotype is the most accurate term for describing an organism's genetic makeup.