Which term encompasses all mental abilities including perceiving, learning, and reasoning?

The term that encompasses all mental abilities including perceiving, learning, and reasoning is cognition. Cognition refers to the broad range of mental processes that are involved in gaining knowledge and comprehension. This includes processes such as attention, perception, memory, language, problem-solving, and reasoning.

Cognitive development refers specifically to the growth and change in these cognitive abilities over time, typically from infancy through adolescence, and is a subset of cognition itself. Memory specifically relates to the storage and retrieval of information, while fluid intelligence refers to the ability to solve new problems and adapt to novel situations without relying on previously acquired knowledge. Thus, while each of the other terms relates to specific aspects of mental functions, cognition is the most comprehensive term that includes all of these processes.