Who introduced the Modal Model of Memory?

The Modal Model of Memory was introduced by Richard Atkinson and Richard Shiffrin in 1968. This model presents a framework for understanding how information is processed in the human memory system. It articulates three distinct types of memory: sensory memory, short-term memory (also known as working memory), and long-term memory.

The model suggests that information enters sensory memory, where it is held briefly before being attended to and transferred into short-term memory. If this information is further rehearsed, it can then be encoded into long-term memory for more permanent storage. This foundational work helped shape subsequent research in cognitive psychology and remains influential in our understanding of memory processes today.

The other individuals and groups listed in the other choices are notable in their own right within psychology but are not associated with the Modal Model of Memory. Daniel Kahneman and Amos Tversky, for example, are known for their work on decision-making and behavioral economics rather than memory models. John Watson and B.F. Skinner contributed significantly to behaviorism, which focuses on observable behavior rather than internal cognitive processes. Lastly, Craig Anderson and John Anderson are recognized for their contributions in different areas of psychology, but they did not develop the Modal Model of Memory.